TY - JOUR
T1 - 128-channel high-linearity resolution- adjustable time-to-digital converters for LiDAR applications
T2 - software predictions and hardware implementations
AU - Xie, Wujun
AU - Wang, Yu
AU - Chen, Haochang
AU - Li, David Day-Uei
N1 - © 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
PY - 2021/5/5
Y1 - 2021/5/5
N2 - This paper proposes a new calibration method, called the mixed-binning (MB) method, to pursue high-linearity time-to-digital converters (TDCs) for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. The proposed TDCs were developed using tapped delay-line (TDL) cells in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). With the MB method, we implemented a resolution-adjustable TDC showing excellent linearity in Xilinx UltraScale FPGAs. We demonstrate a 128-channel TDC to show that the proposed method is cost-effective in logic resources. We also developed a software tool to predict the performances of TDL-based TDCs robustly. Results from both software analysis and hardware implementations are in a good agreement and show that the proposed design has great potential for multichannel applications; the averaged DNL_(pk-pk) and INL_(pk-pk) are close to or even less than 0.05 LSB in multichannel designs.
AB - This paper proposes a new calibration method, called the mixed-binning (MB) method, to pursue high-linearity time-to-digital converters (TDCs) for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. The proposed TDCs were developed using tapped delay-line (TDL) cells in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). With the MB method, we implemented a resolution-adjustable TDC showing excellent linearity in Xilinx UltraScale FPGAs. We demonstrate a 128-channel TDC to show that the proposed method is cost-effective in logic resources. We also developed a software tool to predict the performances of TDL-based TDCs robustly. Results from both software analysis and hardware implementations are in a good agreement and show that the proposed design has great potential for multichannel applications; the averaged DNL_(pk-pk) and INL_(pk-pk) are close to or even less than 0.05 LSB in multichannel designs.
KW - 128-channel
KW - high-linearity resolution
KW - adjustable time-to-digital converters
KW - LiDAR applications
UR - https://github.com/GitForWJ/TDC_tools
U2 - 10.1109/TIE.2021.3076708
DO - 10.1109/TIE.2021.3076708
M3 - Article
SN - 0278-0046
JO - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
ER -