Cognitive science has revealed that memory and learning are hard to understand. Many students choose flawed methods for reviewing their work, hindering long-term retention and deep understanding. For example, it is common to cram for exams and focus on shallow, short-term approaches to homework and other tasks. Is it possible to change these habits? In this talk, I argue that the problem arises from human long-term memory being hard to judge through intuition. Across their schooling, students need to develop a better grasp of how memory and learning work. I will show how we can improve students' knowledge and beliefs about learning – their metacognition – and present a set of techniques for doing so. I will show delegates how these techniques can be put in place straight away in any school classroom.